Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities

Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities Evaluation of Some Mineral Ores in Nigeria *R.L. Tyohemba1 S. K. Emgba2 Abstract There is every need to access the impurity ratio of mineral ores in order to furnish investors and industrialists with information required to weigh the gains of venturing into their exploration. Metallic ores including; Zinc ore (Sphalerite), Iron ore (Magnetite), Iron ore (Heamatite), Copper ore (chalcocite), Lead ore (Galena) and gypsum were obtained from the National Geological Survey Kaduna. The ore samples were grounded and digested with aqua regia solution to leach their metallic constituents using standard method. The main metallic components of the ores viz: Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb and Ca were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Biotech FAAS Phoenix 986) alongside their associated impurities. Galena (Lead ore) recorded the highest metallic impurity content of about 28.64 % and was followed by Sphalerite with about 6.31 % metallic impurities. The other ores recorded Zn>Mg>Ni>Pb. The impurity content of heamatite and magnetite were of the same trend in the orde r Mn>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. However, heamatite recorded higher Fe content than magnetite. Galena contained 534.50 mg/Kg (71.36 %) lead content with its associated impurities present in the order Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd. Sphalerite contained 8362.22 mg/Kg (93.69 %) as zinc while its associated impurities were present in the order of Cu>Fe>Ca>Mn>Pb. In gypsum, its Calcium content was (97.15 %) with its associated metallic impurities in the order Mg>Fe>K>Cr>Pb. The studied ores had a very high level of their major metallic constituents with only Galena which had a high level of impurities. Thus these ores could be good feedstock to mine their principal components. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Nigeria is richly endowed with a variety of mineral resources, fossil fuelsand solid minerals ranging from precious metals, various stones to industrial minerals such as Lead(Pb), Feldspar(xAl(Al,Si)3O8), ron magnetite(Fe3O4), iron hematite(Fe2O3), gypsum(CaSO4.2H2O),copper(Cu), Kaolinite(Al2O5(OH)4Si), Zinc(Zn), Limestone(caco3) e. t. c. Most of these are yet to be exploited. Statistically, the level of exploitation of these minerals is very low in relation to the extent of deposits found in the country. The presence of impurities in ores is inevitable due the nature of their occurrence. Impurities in minerals may be caused by simple admixtures or by crystal chemical substitutions [1]. Impurities are often responsible for colour changes. Natural impurities are common in minerals, as is the propensity for one element to slip into the crystalline structure in place of some other element. Exchanges of these forms do not cause a modification in mineral name as long as the replacements m ake up only a small proportion of the entire structure. Oxides nodules of Ni, Co and Cu have been found to occur in lattices of iron and manganese [2]. Associated impurities of zinc(II) such as lead, iron, Copper, Silver etc., contained in are said to be found present in Nigerian sphalerite mineral[3]. The high manganese content of the sphaleritesleave them incongruous for processing by conventional smeltingtechniques, facilitating the inevitability to design and construct an onsiterefinery that is specifically suited for Gamsberg ores and concentrates [4]. Naturally occurringsphalerite commonly incorporates variable concentrations ofimpurities (e.g. Fe, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Ge, In) that substitute zincin lattice sites. For example, FeS concentrations can range up to25 mol. %, while MnSseldom reaches up to 14 mol.%. Consequently,the high extent of stoichiometric inconsistency observedhas a marked effect on the processing, as high levels of theseimpurities in some zinc concentrates, i.e. Gamsberg, renders themunsuitable for processing by tr aditional operations.Copper is associated with basemetals such as nickel and cobalt. Studies have also been carried out on representative samples of Kà ¼re (Turkey) where massive rich copper ore were leached in acidic ferric sulfate solutions in order to recover copper and its associated metals (Zn, Co, Ni) present in the ore[5].The minerals of lead and zinc are naturally associated with eachOther.In many parts of the world, significant deposits of these mixedsulphide–oxide lead and zinc ores are found with the main sulphideand/or oxidised ore bodies. Because of their complex mineralogy,these ores are very difficult to deal with from a mineral processingpoint of view and they are very often left untreated as a result of themetallurgical difficulties encountered in extracting lead and zincfrom them. Although the primary sources of the metals are leadand zinc concentrates from sulphide and oxidised ores, as suppliesof these deplete, the processing of mixed ores must be considered[6]. Also, the lead-zinc ore from a mine is featured by complicated copper-lead-zin c intergrowth and uneven dissemination size. Besides, the minerals containing copper activate by nature the mineral containing zinc, causing difficulty of separation of copper, lead and zinc minerals [7].There also published data on the presence of metallic impurities including; Fe, Se, Mg, Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, La, Ce, Nd and Y which were removed from desulpurized gypsum [8]. Hayward and Quincy [9] developed a method for the treatment of iron ores containing impurities such as aluminium, silicon, chromium, nickel and cobalt from iron ores of the type which contain nickel in excess of 0.25% and chromium in excess of 0.5%, such as for example those ores found in Cuba known as Mayari ores. The impurities which are present in all iron ores such as sulphur, phosphorus, manganese and silicon appear in iron and steel made there from. Such impurities are generally undesirable in iron alloys, but it has not been possible to remove them completely, and only high grade iron ores are used at present in the production of iron. For this reason, various low grade iron ores have been wholly rejected, either because of their high contents of the impurities mentioned or because they contain varying amounts of base metals [10]. These bulks of impurities mentioned in the essay have obvious unattractive characteristics that will increase the cost of mineral processing. There exist speculations that mineral ores in Nigeria are characterized by high levels of impurities. It then becomes imperative to access these mineral ores and their impurity ratios to furnish investors and industrialists with information that will help to estimate cost of production as well as to find suitable methods applicable for their purification. 2.1 METHODOLOGY 2.1.1 Sample Collection and Preparation Mineral ores including; Zinc ore (Sphalerite ZnS), Iron ore (Magnetite – Fe3O4), Iron ore (Heamatite (Fe2O3)), Copper ore (chalcocite Cu2S)), and Lead (Galena-PbS) were obtained from the National Geological Survey Kaduna. The samples were stored in the laboratory for the study. The ore samples were grounded using a porcelain mortar and pistol sieved and digested to leach their metallic constituents using the procedure described below. 2.1.2 Acid leaching of ore samples for metallic content determination. This was carried out as described by the ISO (1998)procedure [11]. 1g of the grounded air dried ore sample was transferred into a 250 ml reaction vessel (Teflon digestion bomb). 10ml of the mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in a ration of 1:3 (aqua regia) was added unto the reaction vessel containing 1g of dried sample and heated using hot plate inside a fume hood until white fume was observed and allowed to cool. The reaction vessel was allowed to stand so that most of any insoluble residue settles out of suspension. The relatively sediment-free extract was decanted carefully onto a filter paper, collecting the filtrate in a 100 ml volumetric flask. All the initial filtrate was allowed to pass through the filter paper, and the insoluble residue was washed onto the filter paper with a minimum amount of nitric acid (0.5 mol/l). The filtrate so collected was collected alongside the initial filtrate and the volume of the flask was made up to mark with deionized water. The extract thus prepared was ready for the determination of the studied metals, by an atomic absorption spectrometer (Biotech FAAS Phoenix 986). 3.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1.1 Metallic Content of Copper Ore (Chalcocite). The result of metallic content of copper ore is presented in table 1. The concentration of copper in the ore was found to be 10341.73 (mgkg-1) representing about 97.7% of its metallic content covered by this work. Other metallic constituents which are considered to be impurities were also found present. Hence, Ca (99.65 (mgkg-1), Mg (63.89 mgkg-1), Ni (9.38 mgkg-1), Pb (1.99 mgkg-1) and Zn (73.26 mgkg-1) in the order Ca>Zn>Mg>Ni>Pb. These metallic ions exists in their +2 oxidation states as copper and could replace the Cu2+ in its lattice sites. In a similar work by [5], massive rich copper ore was leached in acidic ferric sulphate solutions and was able to recover copper and its associated metals (Zn, Co and Ni). Table 1 Metallic content of Copper ore (mg/Kg) 3.1. 2. Metallic content of the studied Iron ores (Heamatite and Magnetite) Presented in table 2 are the available metallic contents of the studied iron ores. The mount of iron in the heamatite ore was found to be 6488.19 mgkg-1, representing (97.3) % of the total metallic content evaluated in the study. The iron content of magnetite was 5571.81 mgkg-1, representing 96.99%. However, an interesting trend was observed in the variation in the amount of metallic impurities which were found present in these iron ores. Both heamatite and magnetite varied in their level of impurities in the order Mn>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. Oxides nodules of Ni, Co and Cu have been found elsewhere to occur in lattices of iron and manganese ores [2]. Hayward and Quincy [9] had already identified impurities such as Aluminium, Silicon, Chromium, Nickel and cobalt from iron ores of the type which contained nickel in excess of 0.25%. The values reported in this study for both iron ores are lower in nickel content than those recorded above (0.21 and 0.18) % nickel for heamatite and magnetite respect ively. As earlier stated in literature, iron alloys are generally undesirable but it has not been possible to remove them completely, and only high grade iron ores are used at present in the production of iron. For this reason, various low grade iron ores have been wholly rejected, either because of their high contents of the impurities mentioned or because they contain varying amounts of base metals [10]. From the results presented in this study, Nigerian iron ores are of high iron content with very minimal impurity content in the ratio of (1:35 and 1:32) iron to metallic impurities content of heamatite and magnetite. Table 2 Metallic content of iron ores (HeamatiteMagnetite) (mg/Kg) **H: Heamatite **M: Magnetite 3.1. 3 Metallic Content of Lead Ore (Galena) The recorded amount of Pb in the galena ore was 534.50 mgkg-1, representing (71.36) % Pb content of the studied metallic components. Also, other metallic components considered to be impurities including; Cadmium, Copper, Manganese and Zinc were found present in the ore as presented in table 4 in the order Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd. The metallic impurities of Zn and Mn were present in relatively large amounts. (i.e. 14.21 and 12.85) %. The minerals of Lead and zinc are naturally associated with each other. In many parts of the world, significant deposits of these mixed sulphide-oxide lead and zinc ores are found with the main sulphide and/or oxidized ore bodies. Because of their complex mineralogy, these are very difficult to deal with from mineral processing point of view and they are very often left untreated as a result of the metallurgical difficulties encountered in extracting lead and zinc from them [6]. Table 4. Metallic content of Lead ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.4 Metallic Content of Zinc ore(Sphalerite) The results are found in table 5. Zinc content was determined to be 8362.22 mgkg-1 (93.69) % of the ore’s metallic content studied. Other metallic components which are considered to be common impurities associated with zinc ores were also found present in the other Cu>Fe>Ca>Mn>Pb. The occurrence of zinc with such impurities has earlier been reported in the previous session. Table 5. Metallic content of Zinc ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.5 Metallic content of gypsum Heiska (2011) have reported the presence of metallic impurities including; Fe, Se, Mg, Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, La, Ce, Nd and Y in gypsum. As presented in table 6, the main metallic component of gypsum which is calcium was evaluated to be 9921.03 mgkg-1, representing 97.15 % of the total metallic content of the studied metals. Other metals such as Cr, Fe, Mg, K and Pb were found present in the acid leached mineral in the order Mg>Fe>K>Cr>Pb. The dominance of Mg as an impurity in this ore is much expected as the metal ion (Mg2+) is known to occur in areas where there calcium deposits exchanging at its lattice and together causing water hardness. Table 6. Metallic content of Gypsum ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.6 Main metal component and impurities ratios of studied ores In table 7 and fig. 2, the summary of these ratios are presented. Lead ore had the highest level of total metallic impurities recording about 28.69 % as impurities in its ore. Others had low metallic impurities in them. Zinc ore recorded less than 10 % as metallic impurities. On the other hand, metallic impurities in copper, heamatite, magnetite and gypsum were less than 5 %. Table 7.Metal/metallic impurity ratios of studied ores. Fig.2 Metal/metallic impurity ratios of studied ores 4.1. Conclusion The analysis of metallic content of some of the Nigerian mineral ores presented from the result indicates that the studied metallic ores are rich in their principal metallic constituent. The only exception observed is the high impurity content of galena (Lead ore). All the other mineral ores had a little percentage of metallic impurities in them. It is gain saying that these raw materials could serve as very rich industrial feedstock that will require little processing and thus serve cost. The high Zinc and Manganese content of the galena is disadvantageous in terms of the metallurgical process that will be required to recover the major metallic content as well as the appreciable contents of the other metals which are equally of industrial importance. REFERENCES [1] Smykatz-kloss, W. Determination of impurities in minerals by means of Standard Differential Thermal Analysis, â€Å" Purity Determination by Thermal Methods, ASTM STP 838, R.L Blaines C.K. Schoff, Eds., American society for Test and Materials, 1984, 121-137. [2] Zhang, W and Cheng, C. Y. (2007). Manganese metallurgy review. Part I: Leaching of ores/secondarymaterials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese dioxide. Hydrometallurgy 89 (2007) 137–159. [3] Alafara,A. B and Folahan, A. A (2011).Beneficiation of a Nigerian sphalerite mineral: Solvent extraction of zinc byCyanex ®272 in hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy 109 (2011):187–193. [4] McClung, C. R. and Viljoen, F (2011). A detailed mineralogical assessment of sphalerites from the Gamsberg zincdeposit, South Africa: The manganese conundrumMinerals Engineering 24 (2011) 930–938. [5] Arslan, F, Bulut, M. Olgaà §Kangal, K. TahsinPerek, AlimGà ¼lSebahattinGà ¼rmen (2004). Studies on leaching of massive rich copper ore in acidic ferric sulfate solutions. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 33(1):6-14. [6] Olubambi, P.A., Ndlovu, S., Potgieter, J.H. and Borode, J.O. (2008).Mineralogical characterization of Ishiagu (Nigeria) complex sulphide ore.Int. J. Miner. Process. 87 (2008) 83–89. [7]Ma, J., Ren, J. and Yuan, L (2008). Flotation experimental research of multi-metal sulphide ore. Northwest Geological Research Institute of Non-ferrous metallic ores, Xian 710054, China. [8] Heiska, P (2011). Methods of purifying gypsum. US Patent 20110044883. [9] Hayward, C.R. and Quincy, M (1948). Treatment of iron ore containing impurities including nickel and chromium. US patent. No.45862. New York. [10] Meyer, R. (1931). Process of Beneficiating iron ores. US Patent. Series No.527367. New York. [11] ISO 11047. 1998. Soil Quality – Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese nickel and zinc. Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods.International Organization for Standardization. Geneva, Switzerland. 6 p. (available at www.iso.ch).

A Comparison of Love in Annabel Lee and La Belle Dame sans Merci Essay

Love in Poe’s Annabel Lee and Keats’s La Belle Dame sans Merci  Ã‚     Ã‚   Poe’s â€Å"Annabel Lee" and Keats’s "La Belle Dame sans Merci" depict the destructive effects that women exercise upon men. In both poems, women, by death and deception, harm their adoring lovers. In "Annabel Lee," Annabel dies and leaves the speaker in isolation; in "La Belle Dame Sans Merci," the fairy, "La Belle Dame," captures the speaker’s heart, and then deserts him. The common theme of both poems, that love generates harmful effects, is a reflection of both poets’ upsetting and harmful childhood experiences. Poetry, Keats purports, "comes from the ferment of an unhappy childhood working through a noble imagination" (Keats 16). The "lesson of [Keat’s] boyhood" was that "the intensity of the beauty, the joy, the pleasure, and the bitterness of their loss" is "necessary for a poem" (Keats 17). The deaths of [Poe’s] parents, foster mother, and wife develop a similar intensity in the form of a "lingering pity and sorrow for the dead" (Whitman 61). The implied malevolence in "Annabel Lee" and "La Belle Dame sans Merci" echoes these poets’ pasts; the poems’ speakers are unable to live sanely or comfortably after experiencing and then losing the objects of their exquisite affection. Furthermore, the speaker’s names are concealed, stressing the importance of the women over the speakers. While both poets believe that love creates destructive situations, they differ about most damaging kind of love. Poe believed that an innocent and sexless love hurt the greatest: his speaker went insane from "love that was more than love," while he and his lover were "child[ren]." Poe’s "aesthetic religion" was a "worship of the beautiful†¦in all noble thoughts, in all ho... ...a Belle Dame sans Merci" through their "fascination with the doomed nature of love" (De Reyes 107).    Works Cited Allen, Hervey. Israfel: The Life and Times of Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Holt, 1934 De Reyes, Mary. "John Keats." Poetry Reviews. 3 vols. 1913 Keats, John. "La Belle Dame sans Merci." The Poetical Works of John Keats. London: Macmillan, 1884. Moise, Edwin. "Keats's ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’." The Explicator. Washington DC: Heldref, 1992 Poe, Edgar. "Annabel Lee." 15 Aug. 1997. Stefan Gmoser Online. Online. America Online. 12 Jan. 1998 Saintsbury, George. "Edgar Allan Poe." Prefaces and Essays. Virginia: Macmillan, 1933 Whitman, Sarah. Edgar Poe and His Critics. New York: Haskell House, 1972 Wilbur, Richard. "Poe and the Art of Suggestion." Critical Essays on Edgar Allan Poe. New York: G. K. Hall, 1987      

Pandora: disintermediator or disintermediated? Essay

For Pandora, one of the biggest players in Internet radio, figuring out the future is both challenging and intimidating. If the regular challenges of growing a new company aren’t enough, Pandora also faces a market that is reeling in turmoil. In the new digital world, the way people listen to music continues to change dramatically. It seems likely that Pandora will either lead the changes or fall victim to them. Pandora was founded just over a decade ago. At that time, a vast majority of music listeners were still getting their groove on in one of two ways: They either popped a CD into their home, car, or personal CD player or they turned on the old AM/FM radio. But the advent of digital formats like MP3s has had a huge impact on CD sales and has drawn people away from what is now called â€Å"terrestrial radio.† Moreover, like the music business, the radio business has faced major changes of its own. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 reduced limitations on the number of stations that one owner could hold. This led to huge ownership groups that consolidated and standardized listening formats. The result is less diversity on the radio, with shorter playlists and fewer artists represented. From one city to the next, all across the United States, radio stations have started to sound more alike. Both these trends – combined with the explosion of Internet usage and changes in online technologies – have led to a deluge of companies trying to capitalize on the future of music distribution. This includes download services such as iTunes, subscription services such as Rhapsody and eMusic, an endless number of Internet radio stations, and even satellite   radio network SirriusXM. Today, with an ever†growing list of listening devices and cloud music services that store personal music libraries so they can be accessed anywhere by any device, listening trends continue to evolve. But one thing about the future is certain: The business of listening to music is full of disruption and confusion. Things are changing fast and the winning products and services—indeed, the survivors—are yet to be determined. The Power of People Amid the chaos, Pandora has carved out its own niche, setting itself apart as an automated music recommendation service. It isn’t a play†on†demand service, where members can simply choose the exact song and artist they want. Rather, listeners enter an artist or song suggestion. The playlist starts with a track by the r equested artist and inserts additional songs by that artist every once in a while. But in between, Pandora cues up songs by other artists similar in nature to the requested material. If an unliked or unwanted song plays, the listener can click the â€Å"thumbs down† icon or just skip the song and it will be removed from the list. Users can also create stations by browsing artists alphabetically, or they can tune in to pre†made genre stations or to other users’ stations. Listener’s can create as many stations as they wish, each oriented around the initial input. Lots of online services employ similar recommendation features (think Netflix and Amazon). But Pandora has set a precedent by the predictive power of its recommendation software. The Pandora software is amazingly precise at choosing material that fits with what the user wants. According to Tim Westergren, founder and Chief Strategy Officer for Pandora,

Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essays

Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essays Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essay Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essay Cultural and Social Maldives is a beautiful island in the Indian Ocean that makes it the smallest country in the world population wise that attracts many tourists all year round. Maldives offers a wide variety of water activities such as surfboarding, diving and most importantly, snorkelling. The potential group of customers would be the younger aged tourists. Before the business expands their business there, they must look at a few aspects. Firstly, the language that is used in Maldives. Common language used in Maldives is Dhivehi and English.So, it is not a problem for the business to expand their business, as the language barrier is not an issue. If the Maldivians do not understand English, the business will have to find a translator to translate the message is trying to convey to them. The business should be mindful not to use product names that are offensive because some words bring different meanings in different countries. Next is the religion of Maldivians. Islam has embraced in Maldives since the year 1153. As of late, almost all the Maldivians are Muslim. The business have to take into consideration the ‘Halal and Haram’ in Islam.The business must bear with the Maldivians during Ramadan season because they cannot participate in water activities during that period of time. They must know that they will make loses during the period of time because the Maldivians will not play surfboarding during the period of time. Other than that, the business has to consider the social and norms of the people in Maldives. Large amount of people in Maldives are Muslim, therefore they have different social values and norms. The acceptance of the business’s products or service highly depends on the people in Maldives.If they do not purchase the products, the business will not make any profits therefore, the business faces a huge problem where they will have to close down their business. Political and Legal The business must consider the attitudes of M aldivians towards foreign products. Some consumers will think that the products from certain countries are of inferior quality. Therefore, they will not purchase the products. In order to solve the problem, the business must maintain as a professional business and advertise their products widely in order to gain the customers.The acceptance of the business’s products or service highly depends on the people in Maldives. If they do not purchase the products, the business will not make any profits which means the business is facing a huge problem where they will have to close down their business. The business has to make sure that no one will bad mouth about their products and services as it will strongly influence other customers decision to purchase the products or not. The politics of the Maldives take place in the paradigm of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the Head of Government.The government runs the executive power. The Preside nt is the head of the executive branch and assigns the Cabinet. Like many presidential democracies, each member of the cabinet needs to be authorised by the Parliament. The President, alongside the Vice President, is elected by the people to a five-year term through a secret ballot system. However if the President runs again, he could be elected to a second five-year term if that limit is permitted by the Constitution. The business has to focus on their resolution of disputes with Maldives too.If the business does not solve the problem, the Maldivians will probably stop trading with them. Therefore, communication is one of the most important parts in resolving arguments or disagreements. To resolve the problem in a proper way, the business should build a Resolution Centre. The negotiation custom between the business and the Maldivians. In Maldives, the ranking and greeting process is quite important. The Maldivians respect each other. The business should greet them and respect them before expanding their business to Maldives. Hand shaking is also one of the common greetings.

The Domestication of Horses

The Domestication of Horses Domestication is the process by which humans take wild species and acclimatize them to breeding and surviving in captivity. In many cases, domesticated animals serve some purpose for humans (food source, labor, companionship). The process of domestication results in physiological and genetic changes in the organisms over generations. Domestication differs from taming in that tamed animals are born in the wild while domesticated animals are bred in captivity. When Where Were Horses Domesticated? The history of horses in human culture can be traced back as far as 30,000 BC when horses were depicted in Paleolithic cave paintings. The horses in the paintings resembled wild animals and it is thought that true domestication of horses did not occur for tens of thousands of years to come. It is thought that the horses depicted in the Paleolithic cave paintings were hunted for their meat by humans. There are several theories as to when and where domestication of the horse occurred. Some theories estimate that domestication occurred at about 2000 BC while other theories place domestication as early as 4500 BC. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA studies suggests that the domestication of horses occurred in multiple locations and at various times. It is generally thought that Central Asia is among the sites that domestication occurred, with sites in Ukraine and Kazakhstan providing archeological evidence. What Role Did the First Domesticated Horses Play? Throughout history, horses have been used for riding and for pulling carriages, chariots, plows, and carts. They played a significant role in warfare by carrying soldiers into battle. Because the first domesticated horses are thought to have been quite small, it is more likely that they were used to pull carts than for riding.

Current event article and synopsis about obama care

Current event and synopsis about obama care - Article Example White House spokesman Jay Carney downplayed the CBO report, arguing that â€Å"CBO does not take into account positive impacts on worker productivity due to the ACAs role in improving workers health, including reduced absenteeism.† But there is no worker as unproductive or as absent as the one who works less on purpose because a small increase in pay could suddenly deprive him or her of a large Obamacare subsidy. One White House adviser tried to defend this as creating new â€Å"options† for workers, but this is an ad hoc defense, forced on Obama as an unintended and unwelcome consequence of his health care law. Obamacares disincentive to work directly contradicts Obamas consistent philosophy of work - something he began articulating as long as a decade ago and which he has restated as recently as last weeks State of the Union address. Obamas philosophy is an orthodox liberal one, but it starts with premises most conservatives would embrace. In his 2006 memoir The Audacity of Hope, he extolled the virtues of â€Å"self-reliance," "self-improvement," "drive," "discipline," "temperance," "hard work," "thrift" and "personal responsibility.† Then he added the punch line: â€Å"The legitimacy of our government and our economy depend on the degree to which these values are rewarded.† In a passage that specifically criticizes the perverse incentives of the welfare state, Obama wrote that â€Å"Americans believe in work — not just as a means of supporting themselves but as a means of giving their lives purpose and direction, order and dignity †¦ Americans also believe that if we work full-time, we should be able to support ourselves and our kids. For many people on the bottom rungs of the economy — mainly low-skilled workers in the rapidly growing service sector — this basic promise isn’t being fulfilled.† In short, Obama appeals to the work ethic as something government and all employers have a societal obligation to reward. This echoes in the argument

Personal skills and self-management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal skills and self-management - Assignment Example The new initiative is the work of the ANZ Mortgages that entails implementing a policy requesting the non-issuance of Certificate of Titles for all the mortgages which are registered by the ANZ Bank in Western Australia. The purpose of this project is to eliminate the issuance of duplicate Titles to the bank by the Titles office. This initiative is supposed to be implemented and running in the next three months. The initiative stakeholders will involve several groups among them, customers, solicitors and a government department. This initiative will be facilitated by technology as it will reduce costs and improve service efficiency. Planning of a new project or initiative is usually difficult as many people are usually against the idea because of the perceived change of status quo. To make sure a move successful it is important to talk to all the parties involved of the benefits of such a project and the likely effects that such a project would have on them or their day to day operat ions. The management may also be sceptical of the idea because of the costs involved in setting up such projects. During planning the project goals need to be identified, the project deliverables need to be set, the time frame and the supporting plans need to be established in order to make the project successful. This project is relevant as it will reduce unnecessary paper work and procedures involved in keeping of duplicate titles at the titles office (Haugan, 2002, 2-39). Once the project is identified by the management or proposed by the staff as was the case for this initiative, a major decision process often begins. Several decisions have to be made whether the project should be implemented or not. In the decision making process a variety of things are involved. In this project a decision needs to be made whether this initiative is actually beneficial to the organization or not. It will be of no benefit if a project was begun which does not add value to the organization. The o bjective of this project as explained above is to eliminate the issuing of Duplicate Titles to the bank by the titles office. The current procedure at the Bank is that when taking security over landed assets in the form of a first registered mortgage, the client is supposed to deliver a duplicate certificate of Titles to the Department of Land Administration in Western Australia. The duplicate titles plus a copy of the mortgages are then filled in the security packet at ANZ. The problem here arises as a result of the duplication of the documents in order to have copies left in both offices. Another issue is to do with the entire system and how it operates. There are so many disadvantages of the current system namely: the risk of the certificates being lost, high cost of replacing lost certificates, expensive storage equipment are required for storing the certificates and the rental cost of the storage space. As much as it is a good thing it is a tedious process that needs to be elim inated as it wastes effort, time and space (Project Smart, 2011). According to this plan few options exist. The first option will be to continue having the current system which involves a lot of work and duplication of efforts. The second option that exists is to eliminate the process in totality so as to have a more efficient system that will utilize the available resources at an affordable cost to the organization. This is what the project proposes as it will have a lot of benefits. The benefits include the elimination of misfiled certificate and all the costs and penalties that are associated with them, reduction of the physical space required for the storage of these documents, reduction in paper handling/recording and transfer for both offices, security of the documents as they will be handled once and filed by the Bank staff and efficient customer service. Therefore the implementation of this initiative will go a long way in helping the Bank achieve its objectives and also hel p the